🙋‍♀️ FAQs About Cancer for Patients

Cancer is a group of diseases where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, often forming tumors. These cells can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).

Cancer is diagnosed through:

• Physical exams
• Blood tests
• Imaging tests (e.g., X-rays, MRI, CT scan)
• Biopsies (removing tissue to examine under a microscope)

Common warning signs include:

• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Lumps or swelling
• Persistent pain
• Changes in skin or moles
• Unusual bleeding or discharge

• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation Therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Targeted Therapy
• Hormone Therapy
• Stem Cell Transplants
• Clinical Trials

Treatment depends on cancer type, stage, and the patient's health.

• Stage refers to the size of the tumor and how far it has spread.
• Grade refers to how abnormal the cancer cells look and how fast they're likely to grow.

Yes. A second opinion is common and often encouraged. It can help confirm the diagnosis and explore other treatment options.

Treatment length varies:

• Some treatments take weeks or months.
• Others involve long-term monitoring.

Your doctor will explain your specific treatment plan and schedule.

• Eat a balanced diet
• Get adequate rest
• Stay active as advised
• Avoid smoking and alcohol
• Follow medication schedules
• Talk to your care team about managing side effects

Side effects depend on treatment type but may include:

• Fatigue
• Hair loss
• Nausea/vomiting
• Appetite loss
• Pain
• Changes in skin or nails
• Weakened immune system

Most side effects can be managed with medication or support.

Cancer can cause stress, anxiety, depression, or fear. Helpful strategies:

• Counseling or support groups
• Talking to family/friends
• Journaling or mindfulness
• Speaking with oncology social workers

Many patients can continue working, especially with adjustments. However, this depends on:

• Type of treatment
• Side effects
• Nature of your job

Talk to your doctor and employer about necessary accommodations.

Most insurance plans cover standard treatments, but not all clinical trials or special procedures. Speak with:

• Your insurance provider
• Hospital billing department
• Patient advocate or social worker

Yes. Organizations like:

• American Cancer Society (ACS)
• CancerCare
• HealthWell Foundation
• Patient Advocate Foundation

Offer support for medications, travel, co-pays, and living expenses.

Clinical trials test new treatments for safety and effectiveness. They offer access to cutting-edge therapies but may also have unknown risks.

Discuss with your doctor to see if you're eligible.

Some cancer treatments (e.g., oral chemotherapy, symptom management) can be done at home. Home healthcare support may also be available.

Be honest and open at a level appropriate for their age and understanding. Support groups and counselors can help you plan these conversations.

Palliative care helps manage pain, symptoms, and emotional well-being—at any stage of cancer, not just terminal phases.

Not all cancers are preventable, but you can reduce risk by:

• Avoiding tobacco
• Eating a healthy diet
• Staying active
• Using sun protection
• Getting vaccinated (e.g., HPV, Hepatitis B)
• Regular screenings (e.g., colonoscopy, mammograms)

You can access support through:

• Your treatment center's social worker or navigator
• National hotlines (ACS: 1‑800‑227‑2345)
• Online communities (e.g., Cancer Support Community, Livestrong)

• What type and stage of cancer do I have?
• What are my treatment options?
• What side effects should I expect?
• What is the goal of treatment—cure, control, or symptom relief?
• Are there clinical trials available to me?
• Who can help me with financial and emotional support?